I studied for my first degree in Psychology at the University of Nottingham and then stayed there to study for a PhD, part time, whilst working as a Research Assistant in Psychology. I moved to Stirling as a Research Fellow in 1995, and was offered a Lectureship here in 1998 and a Senior Lecturership in 2012.
My main interest is in face perception and, in particular, the influence that faces exert on the allocation of a viewer's visual attention. For example, research in which I have been involved has suggested that not only are faces able to capture a viewer's attention, but that social attention cues worn by these faces (gaze and head orientation) also produce shifts of a viewer's spatial attention which appear to be reflexive in nature.I am also interested in eye-gaze perception and the development of this ability. I am a member of the Face and Devlopment of Communication research group and the Stirling Developmental Psychology Researchers Group.
Individual Differences in Holistic processing
PI: Dr Stephen Langton
Funded by: Experimental Psychology Society
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Orienting of Visual Attention in Response to Naturalistic Dynamic Shifts of Another's Gaze
PI: Dr Stephen Langton
Funded by: Economic and Social Research Council
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The Development of Children's Gaze Perception
PI: Dr Stephen Langton
Funded by: The British Academy
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The Influence and Fixation Duration and the Velocity of Gaze Shift on Observer's Visual Attention
PI: Dr Stephen Langton
Funded by: The Carnegie Trust
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Article
Visual search performance in 'CCTV' and mobile phone-like video footage
Mileva VR, Hancock PJB & Langton SRH (2021) Visual search performance in 'CCTV' and mobile phone-like video footage. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 6, Art. No.: 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-021-00326-w
Article
Gregory SEA, Langton SRH, Yoshikawa S & Jackson MC (2020) A cross-cultural investigation into the influence of eye gaze on working memory for happy and angry faces. Cognition and Emotion, 34 (8), pp. 1561-1572. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2020.1782353
Article
A multilab registered replication of the attentional SNARC effect.
Colling LJ, Szűcs D, De Marco D, Cipora K, Ulrich R, Nuerk H, Soltanlou M, Bryce D, Chen S, Schroeder PA, Henare DT, Chrystall CK, Hancock PJB, Millen AE & Langton SR (2020) A multilab registered replication of the attentional SNARC effect. [Registered Replication Report on Fischer, Castel, Dodd, and Pratt (2003).]. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 3 (2), pp. 143-162. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920903079
Article
Saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements trigger equivalent gaze-cued orienting effects
Langton S, McIntyre AH, Hancock PJB & Leder H (2018) Saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements trigger equivalent gaze-cued orienting effects. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71 (9), pp. 1860-1872. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1362703
Article
I don’t see it your way: the dot perspective task does not gauge spontaneous perspective taking
Langton S (2018) I don’t see it your way: the dot perspective task does not gauge spontaneous perspective taking. Vision, 2 (1), Art. No.: 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision2010006
Article
Holistic face processing can inhibit recognition of forensic facial composites
McIntyre AH, Hancock PJB, Frowd CD & Langton SRH (2016) Holistic face processing can inhibit recognition of forensic facial composites. Law and Human Behavior, 40 (2), pp. 128-135. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000160
Article
Working memory load disrupts gaze-cued orienting of attention
Bobak AK & Langton S (2015) Working memory load disrupts gaze-cued orienting of attention. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, Art. No.: 1258. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01258
Article
Developmentally distinct gaze processing systems: Luminance versus geometric cues
Doherty M, McIntyre AH & Langton S (2015) Developmentally distinct gaze processing systems: Luminance versus geometric cues. Cognition, 137, pp. 72-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2015.01.001
Article
Registered Replication Report: Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990)
Alogna V, Attaya MK, Aucoin P, Bahnik S, Birch S, Birt AR, Bornstein BH, Bouwmeester S, Brandimonte MA, Brown C, Buswell K, Hancock PJB, Langton S, McIntyre AH & Zwaan RA (2014) Registered Replication Report: Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9 (5), pp. 556-578. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614545653
Article
Improving discrimination and face matching with caricature
McIntyre AH, Hancock PJB, Kittler J & Langton S (2013) Improving discrimination and face matching with caricature. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 27 (6), pp. 725-734. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.2966
Article
Cooper RM, Law AS & Langton S (2013) Looking back at the stare-in-the-crowd effect: Staring eyes do not capture attention in visual search. Journal of Vision, 13 (6), Art. No.: 10. https://doi.org/10.1167/13.6.10
Article
The effect of facial expression and gaze direction on memory for unfamiliar faces
Nakashima SF, Langton S & Yoshikawa S (2012) The effect of facial expression and gaze direction on memory for unfamiliar faces. Cognition and Emotion, 26 (7), pp. 1316-1325. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.619734
Article
Attention to faces in Williams syndrome
Riby DM, Jones N, Brown PH, Robinson LJ, Langton S, Bruce V & Riby LM (2011) Attention to faces in Williams syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41 (9), pp. 1228-1239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1141-5
Article
Assessing the impact of verbal and visuospatial working memory load on eye-gaze cueing
Law AS, Langton S & Logie RH (2010) Assessing the impact of verbal and visuospatial working memory load on eye-gaze cueing. Visual Cognition, 18 (10), pp. 1420-1438. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2010.496579
Book Chapter
Gaze Perception and Visually Mediated Attention
Langton S (2010) Gaze Perception and Visually Mediated Attention. In: Adams JR, Ambady N, Nakayama K & Shimojo S (eds.) The Science of Social Vision. Oxford Series in Visual Cognition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 108-132. http://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-science-of-social-vision-9780195333176;jsessionid=F6391E9408F95E3C492A6700D48B3266?cc=gb〈=en&
Article
Gaze perception: is seeing influenced by believing?
Langton S (2009) Gaze perception: is seeing influenced by believing?. Current Biology, 19 (15), pp. R651-R653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.06.016
Article
Gaze Perception Requires Focused Attention: Evidence From an Interference Task
Burton AM, Bindemann M, Langton S, Schweinberger SR & Jenkins R (2009) Gaze Perception Requires Focused Attention: Evidence From an Interference Task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35 (1), pp. 108-118. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.35.1.108
Article
How do eye gaze and facial expression interact?
Bindemann M, Burton AM & Langton S (2008) How do eye gaze and facial expression interact?. Visual Cognition, 16 (6), pp. 708-733. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506280701269318
Conference Abstract
The impact of working memory load on eye-gaze cueing
Law AS & Langton S (2008) The impact of working memory load on eye-gaze cueing. XXIX International Congress of Psychology, Berlin, Germany, 20/07/2008 - 25/07/2008. International Journal of Psychology, 43 (3-4), pp. 600-600. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1080/00207594.2008.10108486/abstract; https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2008.10108486
Conference Abstract
Disrupting face biases in visual attention
Law AS & Langton S (2008) Disrupting face biases in visual attention. XXIX International Congress of Psychology, Berlin, Germany, 20/07/2008 - 25/07/2008. International Journal of Psychology, 43 (3-4), pp. 321-321. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1080/00207594.2008.10108484/abstract;jsessionid=7FB7CD0FFED40F80D5CFF928982F7D26.f01t01; https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2008.10108484
Article
Langton S, Law AS, Burton AM & Schweinberger SR (2008) Attention capture by faces. Cognition, 107 (1), pp. 330-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2007.07.012
Article
Adaptation effects of highly familiar faces: immediate and long lasting
Carbon C, Stronbach T, Langton S, Harsanyi G, Leder H & Kovacs G (2007) Adaptation effects of highly familiar faces: immediate and long lasting. Memory and Cognition, 35 (8), pp. 1966-1976. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192929
Article
The control of attention to faces
Bindemann M, Burton AM, Langton S, Schweinberger SR & Doherty M (2007) The control of attention to faces. Journal of Vision, 7 (10), Art. No.: 15. http://journalofvision.orgwww.journalofvision.org/content/7/10/15.short; https://doi.org/10.1167/7.10.15
Article
Gaze cues influence the allocation of attention in natural scene viewing
Langton S, O'Donnell C, Riby D & Ballantyne C (2006) Gaze cues influence the allocation of attention in natural scene viewing. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59 (12), pp. 2056-2064. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210600917884
Article
Attentional bias to angry faces using the dot-probe task? It depends when you look for it
Cooper RM & Langton S (2006) Attentional bias to angry faces using the dot-probe task? It depends when you look for it. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44 (9), pp. 1321-1329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.004
Conference Abstract
Early ERP effect elicited by eye-gaze cues
Bindemann M, Schweinberger SR, Burton AM & Langton S (2005) Early ERP effect elicited by eye-gaze cues. 12th Annnual Meeting of the Cognitive-Neuroscience-Society, New York, NY, 09/04/2005 - 12/04/2005. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, (Supplement), pp. 55-55.
Article
The influence of head contour and nose angle on the perception of eye-gaze direction
Langton S, Honeyman H & Tessler E (2004) The influence of head contour and nose angle on the perception of eye-gaze direction. Perception and Psychophysics, 66 (5), pp. 752-771. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03194970
Article
Configural processing in the perception of eye-gaze direction
Jenkins J & Langton S (2003) Configural processing in the perception of eye-gaze direction. Perception, 32 (10), pp. 1181-1188. https://doi.org/10.1068/p3398
Article
Gaze cues attenuate change blindness in the flicker paradigm
O'Donnell C & Langton S (2003) Gaze cues attenuate change blindness in the flicker paradigm. Journal of Vision, 3 (9) p. 649, Art. No.: 649. https://doi.org/10.1167/3.9.649
Commentary
Attentional capture: Biological relevance, multisensory stimulation, and consciousness
Kingstone A, Danziger S, Langton S & Soto-Faraco S (2002) Attentional capture: Biological relevance, multisensory stimulation, and consciousness. Commentary on: Ruz & Lupiáñez (2002): 'A review of Attentional Capture: On its automaticity and sensitivity to endogenous control', Psicologica (2002), 23, pp311-369. Psicologica, 23 (2), pp. 343-346. http://www.uv.es/psicologica/paraARCHIVES/2002.html
Conference Paper (published)
How the eyes affect the I: Gaze perception, cognition and the robot-human interface
Langton S (2001) How the eyes affect the I: Gaze perception, cognition and the robot-human interface. In: 10th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2001 Proceedings. 10th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2001, Bordeaux and Paris, France, 18.09.2001-21.09.2001. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, pp. 359-365. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=981930&abstractAccess=no&userType=inst; https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2001.981930
Article
Visual signals and children's communication: negative effects on task outcome
Doherty-Sneddon G, McAuley S, Bruce V, Langton S, Blokland A & Anderson AH (2000) Visual signals and children's communication: negative effects on task outcome. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18 (4), pp. 595-608. https://doi.org/10.1348/026151000165878
Article
Testing face processing skills in children
Bruce V, Campbell R, Doherty-Sneddon G, Langton S, McAuley S & Wright R (2000) Testing face processing skills in children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18 (3), pp. 319-333. https://doi.org/10.1348/026151000165715
Article
The mutual influence of gaze and head orientation in the analysis of social attention direction
Langton S (2000) The mutual influence of gaze and head orientation in the analysis of social attention direction. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology, 53 (3), pp. 825-845. https://doi.org/10.1080/713755908
Article
You must see the point: Automatic processing of cues to the direction of social attention
Langton S & Bruce V (2000) You must see the point: Automatic processing of cues to the direction of social attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 26 (2), pp. 747-757. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.26.2.747
Article
Do the eyes have it? Cues to the direction of social attention
Langton S, Watt R & Bruce V (2000) Do the eyes have it? Cues to the direction of social attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4 (2), pp. 50-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613%2899%2901436-9
Article
Reflexive visual orienting in response to the social attention of others
Langton S & Bruce V (1999) Reflexive visual orienting in response to the social attention of others. Visual Cognition, 6 (5), pp. 541-567. https://doi.org/10.1080/135062899394939
Article
Complexities of face perception and categorisation
Bruce V, Langton S & Hill H (1999) Complexities of face perception and categorisation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22 (3), pp. 369-370. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X99252028
Book Chapter
Anderson AH, O'Malley C, Doherty-Sneddon G, Langton S, Newlands A, Mullin J, Fleming AM & Van der Velden J (1997) The impact of VMC on collaborative problem solving: An analysis of task performance, communicative process, and user satisfaction. In: Finn K, Sellen A & Wilbur S (eds.) Video-mediated communication. Computers, Cognition, and Work Series. Mahwah, NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 133-155. https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=548502
Article
Doherty-Sneddon G, Anderson AH, O'Malley C, Langton S, Garrod S & Bruce V (1997) Face-to-face and video-mediated communication: A comparison of dialogue structure and task performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 3 (2), pp. 105-125. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-898X.3.2.105
Article
Langton S, O'Malley C & Bruce V (1996) Actions speak no louder than words: Symmetrical cross-modal interference effects in the processing of verbal and gestural information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22 (6), pp. 1357-1375. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.22.6.1357
Article
Comparison of face-to-face and video-mediated interaction
O'Malley C, Langton S, Anderson AH, Doherty-Sneddon G & Bruce V (1996) Comparison of face-to-face and video-mediated interaction. Interacting with Computers, 8 (2), pp. 177-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438%2896%2901027-2
Article
The use of pigmentation and shading information in recognising the sex and identities of faces
Bruce V & Langton S (1994) The use of pigmentation and shading information in recognising the sex and identities of faces. Perception, 23 (7), pp. 803-822. https://doi.org/10.1068/p230803
